How Kesar Mangoes Are Grown – A Complete Farming Guide

How Kesar Mangoes Are Grown – A Complete Farming Guide

If common Indian summer crowns are jewelry, saffron mango is definitely one of the most bright gems. Known for its vibrant color, rich taste and delightful aroma, saffron common is mainly grown in Gujarat, especially in areas of Gir, Junagadh and Kutch. But what does it take to develop these golden beauties?

Whether you are an aspiring farmer, a fruit lover, or an agricultural-enthusiast, how saffron mangoes are grown here-from mud to sweetness.

🌱 1. Ideal Climate and Soil Conditions

Kesar mango thrives in semi-arid to sub-tropical climates, with:

  • Hot summers (35–42°C)

  • Dry winters

  • Moderate rainfall (~600–800mm annually)

The best soil for saffron mango is a well -dried letterite or alluvial soil, rich in organic materials. There is a slightly acidic ideal for neutral pH (6.0–7.5). Appropriate sunlight exposure and air circulation is healthy flowers and key to fruiting.

🌿 2. Propagation: Grafted vs Seed-Grown Trees

To maintain consistent fruit quality, Kesar mango is usually propagated via grafting, not seeds.

  • Grafted saplings bear fruit faster (in 3–4 years).

  • Seedlings are unpredictable and can take up to 8 years.

Tip: Always source grafted saplings from certified nurseries with regional Kesar strains.

📐 3. Planting Techniques & Spacing

  • Traditional Spacing: 10m × 10m (low-density planting)

  • High-Density Planting (HDP): 5m × 5m or even 4m × 2m (with dwarf rootstocks)

Planting is best done before or during monsoon, ensuring proper pit size (1x1x1 meter), filled with topsoil, compost, and neem cake.

💧 4. Irrigation & Fertilizer Schedule

In the first year, frequent light watering is crucial. Once established, mango trees are moderately drought-tolerant.

Irrigation Tips:

  • Avoid overwatering during flowering (can cause fruit drop).

  • Use drip irrigation for water efficiency.

Fertilizer Schedule (per tree/year):

  • NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium)

  • Organic compost: 20–25 kg

  • Micronutrients like zinc and boron in small doses

✂️ 5. Pruning & Canopy Management

Regular pruning after harvest keeps the tree productive:

  • Remove dead/diseased branches

  • Shape the tree to allow sunlight inside

  • Improve air circulation to prevent fungal attacks

Pro tip: Prune lightly in the first few years to encourage a strong framework.

🐛 6. Pest & Disease Management

Common issues in Kesar mango cultivation include:

  • Powdery mildew

  • Anthracnose

  • Fruit fly

  • Mango hopper

Use organic pest control methods where possible:

  • Neem oil sprays

  • Pheromone traps

  • Trichoderma in soil for fungal control

Chemical sprays should be the last resort and must follow residue limits for export compliance.

🌾 7. Organic vs Conventional Farming

Aspect Organic Conventional
Yield Slightly lower Higher
Soil Health Excellent Moderate
Cost Initially higher Lower
Profit (Long-term) High (premium market) Moderate

Many farms now adopt Integrated Pest Management (IPM)—blending traditional and modern techniques for sustainable cultivation.

📦 8. Harvesting & Post-Harvest Handling

Kesar mangoes are harvested 90–110 days after flowering, usually between April to June. Ideal signs of maturity:

  • Shoulders full

  • Green skin starts turning yellow near stem

  • Fruity aroma

Post-Harvest Tips:

  • Use cushioned crates to avoid bruising

  • Store at 12–15°C for longer shelf life

  • No carbide! Use natural ripening or ethylene chambers

✅ Final Thoughts

Increasing saffron mangoes is not just a farming activity-it is a heritage-powered craft that mixes science, tradition and patience. With correct care and practices, farmers can produce a fruit that is not only delicious, but also in demand at globally.

Whether you're a first-time grower or expanding an orchard, investing in Kesar mango cultivation is a sweet step toward sustainable and profitable farming.